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<title>1 Chronicles 12</title>

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</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">1 Chronicles 12</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="float: left;">← <a href="1_Chronicles_11" title="1 Chronicles 11">chapter 11</a></div><div style="float: right;"><a href="1_Chronicles_13" title="1 Chronicles 13">chapter 13</a> →</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="infobox-caption"><div style="width: 250px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">The complete Hebrew text of the <a href="Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">Books of Chronicles</a> (1 and 2 Chronicles) in the <a href="Leningrad_Codex" title="Leningrad Codex">Leningrad Codex</a> (1008 CE).</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Book</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">Books of Chronicles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Category</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Christian Bible part</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Order in the Christian part</th><td class="infobox-data">13</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>1 Chronicles 12</b> is the twelfth <a href="Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapter</a> of the <a href="Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">Books of Chronicles</a> in the <a href="Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> or the First Book of Chronicles in the <a href="Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> of the <a href="Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> <a href="Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAckroyd1993113_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckroyd1993113-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathys2007268_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathys2007268-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAckroyd1993113–114_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckroyd1993113–114-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This chapter contains the list of people who joined David: before his coronation (verses 1–22) and after he was made king in Hebron (verses 23–40).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathys2007274_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathys2007274-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The whole chapter belongs to the section focusing on the kingship of David (1 Chronicles 9:35 to 29:30).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAckroyd1993113_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckroyd1993113-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<p>This chapter was originally written in the <a href="Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Hebrew language</a>. It <a href="Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">is divided into</a> 40 verses.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Textual_witnesses">Textual witnesses</h3></div>

<p>Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in <a href="Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Hebrew</a> are of the <a href="Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a> tradition, which includes the <a href="Aleppo_Codex" title="Aleppo Codex">Aleppo Codex</a> (10th century), and <a href="Leningrad_Codex" title="Leningrad Codex">Codex Leningradensis</a> (1008).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWürthwein199535–37_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWürthwein199535–37-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>There is also a translation into <a href="Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine Greek</a> known as the <a href="Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the <a href="Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> version include <a href="Codex_Vaticanus" title="Codex Vaticanus">Codex Vaticanus</a> (<b>B</b>; <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}">

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2></div>

<p><a href="1_Chronicles_11" title="1 Chronicles 11">1 Chronicles 11</a> and 12 combine a 'variety of chronologically and geographically disparate lists' to establish the unity of "all Israel" (north and south), with their unanimous recognition of David's kingship. The outer framework consists of David's anointing at Hebron (1 Chronicles 11:1–3; 12:38–40) to enclose the lists of the warriors who attended the festivities (11:10–47; 12:23–38). The inner framework comprises the lists of David's forces while at Ziklag (12:1–7; 12:19–22) to enclose the warriors who joined him at “the stronghold” (12:8–18).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_mighty_men_join_David_(12:1–22)"> The mighty men join David (12:1–22)</h2></div>

<p>The first set of lists of the chapter contains the warriors joining David before he became king. It divides into four sections: the Benjaminites who came to David in <a href="Ziklag" title="Ziklag">Ziklag</a> (verses 1–8); the Gadites who came to

David's mountain stronghold (verses 9–16), as well as the people of Benjamin and Judah (verses 17–19); the people of Manasseh came to David in Ziklag (verses 20–22). Although only four tribes were mentioned, the structure clearly points to the conclusion in verse 22, that David got much support.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathys2007274_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathys2007274-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The account of Manassites summarizes some incidents in 1 Samuel 28–30.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEndres201232_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEndres201232-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verses_1–2">Verses 1–2</h3></div>

<dl><dd><i><sup>1</sup>Now these are they that came to David to Ziklag, while he yet kept himself close because of Saul the son of Kish: and they were among the mighty men, helpers of the war. <sup>2</sup>They were armed with bows, and could use both the right hand and the left in hurling stones and shooting arrows out of a bow, even of Saul's brethren of Benjamin.</i><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl>

<p>This passage suggests that some people of Benjamin defected to David while Saul was still reigning (cf. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Samuel#2:12" class="extiw external" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Samuel">2 Samuel 2:12–32</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoogan2007596_Hebrew_Bible_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoogan2007596_Hebrew_Bible-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li>"<a href="Ziklag" title="Ziklag">Ziklag</a>": located within the territory of Judah allotted to the <a href="Tribe_of_Simeon" title="Tribe of Simeon">tribe of Simeon</a> (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Joshua#19:5" class="extiw external" title="s:Bible (King James)/Joshua">Joshua 19:5</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Chronicles#4:30" class="extiw external" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Chronicles">1 Chronicles 4:30</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ellicott_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ellicott-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During Saul's reign, the Philistines apparently seized it, so their king, Achish of Gath, could give it to David, who set his headquarters in that place for sixteen months until the death of Saul (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Samuel#27:6" class="extiw external" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Samuel">1 Samuel 27:6–7</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Samuel#30:1" class="extiw external" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Samuel">1 Samuel 30</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoogan2007596_Hebrew_Bible_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoogan2007596_Hebrew_Bible-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ellicott_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ellicott-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verses_3-4">Verses 3-4</h3></div>

<dl><dd><i>3 The chief was Ahiezer, then Joash, the sons of Shemaah the Gibeathite; and Jeziel and Pelet, the sons of Azmaveth, and Beracah and Jehu the Anathothite,</i></dd>

<dd><i>4 and Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the thirty, and over the thirty. Then Jeremiah, Jahaziel, Johanan, Jozabad the Gederathite,</i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_18">Verse 18</h3></div>

<dl><dd><i>Then the Spirit clothed Amasai, chief of the thirty, and he said,</i>

<dl><dd><i>“We are yours, O David,</i>

<dl><dd><i>and with you, O son of Jesse!</i></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><i>Peace, peace to you,</i>

<dl><dd><i>and peace to your helpers!</i></dd>

<dd><i>For your God helps you.”</i></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><i>Then David received them and made them officers of his troops.</i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl>

<p>Amasai's prophetic words, with "peace" (<a href="Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">שָׁל֜וֹם</span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=H7965"><i>shā-lōm</i></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-1Chr12_18h_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1Chr12_18h-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) mentioned three times, speak of David's closeness with his supporters at the beginning of his rise to power. This relationship would be dissolved when the kingdom was divided in the time of <a href="Rehoboam" title="Rehoboam">Rehoboam</a>'s reign (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Chronicles#10:16" class="extiw external" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Chronicles">2 Chronicles 10:16</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEndres201232_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEndres201232-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li>"The thirty": is translated from the original Hebrew word <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">השלושים</span></span>, which in Masoretic tradition is <a href="Qere_and_Ketiv" title="Qere and Ketiv">written (<i>ketiv</i>)</a> with punctuation as <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">הַשָּׁלִישִׁים֒</span></span>, <i>ha-shə-lō-shîm</i> (meaning "thirty"), but <a href="Qere_and_Ketiv" title="Qere and Ketiv">read (<i>qere</i>)</a> as <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">הַשָּׁלִישִׁים֒</span></span>, <i>ha-shā-lî-shîm</i> (meaning "captains" or "officers").<sup id="cite_ref-1Chr12_18h_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1Chr12_18h-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nadav Na'aman shows that the reading as "<i>shālîsh</i>" ("officer") is the correct understanding and clarifies problems in interpreting <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Samuel#23:8" class="extiw external" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Samuel">2 Samuel 23:8–39</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Chronicles#11:10" class="extiw external" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Chronicles">1 Chronicles 11:10–41</a> and related passages,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENa'aman198879_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENa'aman198879-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following the interpretation of B. A. Mastin that "<i>shālîshîm</i>" are 'high-ranking officers who were called "of the third rank" simply because they came after the king and his senior officers'.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_19">Verse 19</h3></div>

<dl><dd><i>And some from Manasseh defected to David when he was going with the Philistines to battle against Saul; but they did not help them, for the lords of the Philistines sent him away by agreement, saying, "He may defect to his master Saul and endanger our heads."</i><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl>

<p>The battle between Saul and the Philistines was mentioned in <a href="1_Chronicles_10" title="1 Chronicles 10">chapter 10</a> and the case of David not involved in that battle was summarized from <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Samuel#29:1" class="extiw external" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Samuel">1 Samuel 29:1–30</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoogan2007597_Hebrew_Bible_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoogan2007597_Hebrew_Bible-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="David's_army_at_Hebron_(12:23–40)"> David's army at Hebron (12:23–40)</h2></div>

<p>The subsequent list is bracketed by brief accounts of David's coronation in Hebron (verses 23, 38–40); structured as a kind of military census. David was accepted as king by all people with all their hearts (verse 38), followed by great feasts of joy, unique to the Chronicles (cf. e.g. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Chronicles#29:22" class="extiw external" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Chronicles">1 Chronicles 29:22</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Chronicles#30:21" class="extiw external" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Chronicles">2 Chronicles 30:21–6</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathys2007274_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathys2007274-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three-day celebration involves many foodstuffs brought by donkeys, mules, camels and oxen from three northern tribes: Issachar, Zebulun and Naphtali, such as <a href="Bread" title="Bread">bread</a>, <a href="Fig-cake_(fruit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fig-cake (fruit)">fig-cakes</a>, <a href="Raisin" title="Raisin">raisins</a> and <a href="Wine" title="Wine">wine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEndres201234_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEndres201234-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mood is described in the word "joy" (or "rejoicing"; verse 40) which later appears in <a href="Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a>'s <a href="Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a> festival (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Chronicles#30:23" class="extiw external" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Chronicles">2 Chronicles 30:23</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Chronicles#30:26" class="extiw external" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Chronicles">26</a>) and post-exilic worship festivals (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Nehemiah#8:12" class="extiw external" title="s:Bible (King James)/Nehemiah">Nehemiah 8:12</a>, 17; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Nehemiah#12:43" class="extiw external" title="s:Bible (King James)/Nehemiah">Nehemiah 12:43</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEndres201234_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEndres201234-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_23">Verse 23</h3></div>

<dl><dd><i>And these are the numbers of the bands that were ready armed to the war, and came to David to Hebron, to turn the kingdom of Saul to him, according to the word of the Lord.</i><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl>

<p>Saul's kingdom was passed on peacefully to David in Hebron (cf. 1 Chronicles 10:14–11:3).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathys2007274_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathys2007274-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="David's_Mighty_Warriors" title="David's Mighty Warriors">David's Mighty Warriors</a></li>

<li><a href="Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a></li>

<li><a href="Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li>

<li><a href="Ziklag" title="Ziklag">Ziklag</a></li></ul></div>

<li>Related <a href="Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> parts: <a href="1_Samuel_27" title="1 Samuel 27">1 Samuel 27</a>, <a href="1_Samuel_30" title="1 Samuel 30">1 Samuel 30</a>, <a href="2_Samuel_2" title="2 Samuel 2">2 Samuel 2</a>, <a href="1_Chronicles_10" title="1 Chronicles 10">1 Chronicles 10</a>, <a href="1_Chronicles_11" title="1 Chronicles 11">1 Chronicles 11</a>, <a href="1_Chronicles_29" title="1 Chronicles 29">1 Chronicles 29</a></li>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckroyd1993113-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAckroyd1993113_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAckroyd1993113_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAckroyd1993">Ackroyd 1993</a>, p. 113.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathys2007268-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathys2007268_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMathys2007">Mathys 2007</a>, p. 268.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckroyd1993113–114-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAckroyd1993113–114_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAckroyd1993">Ackroyd 1993</a>, pp. 113–114.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathys2007274-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathys2007274_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathys2007274_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathys2007274_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathys2007274_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMathys2007">Mathys 2007</a>, p. 274.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWürthwein199535–37-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWürthwein199535–37_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWürthwein1995">Würthwein 1995</a>, pp. 35–37.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWürthwein199573–74-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWürthwein199573–74_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWürthwein1995">Würthwein 1995</a>, pp. 73–74.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Williamson, H. G. M. "'We are Yours, O David': The Setting and Purpose of 1 Chronicles xii 1-23," in B. Albrektson et al., "Remembering All the Way" (Leiden: Brill, 1981) pp. 164–176. <i>apud</i> Throntveit, Mark A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwordandworld.luthersem.edu%2Fcontent%2Fpdfs%2F23-4_David%2F23-4_Throntveit.pdf&pdf=true">"Was the Chronicler a Spin Doctor? David in the Books of Chronicles"</a>. <i>Word & World</i> (2003) 23 (4) 376.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEndres201232-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEndres201232_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEndres201232_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEndres2012">Endres 2012</a>, p. 32.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Chronicles#12:1" class="extiw external" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Chronicles">1 Chronicles 12:1–2</a> <a href="King_James_Version" title="King James Version">KJV</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoogan2007596_Hebrew_Bible-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoogan2007596_Hebrew_Bible_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoogan2007596_Hebrew_Bible_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoogan2007">Coogan 2007</a>, p. 596 Hebrew Bible.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ellicott-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ellicott_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ellicott_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Charles_Ellicott" title="Charles Ellicott">Ellicott, C. J.</a> (Ed.) (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/ellicott/1_chronicles/12.htm"><i>Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers</i>. 1 Chronicles 12.</a> London : Cassell and Company, Limited, [1905-1906] Online version: (OCoLC) 929526708. Accessed 28 April 2019.</span>

</li>

<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Chronicles+12:3–4&version=nasb1995">1 Chronicles 12:3–4</a> NASB1995</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esv.org/1+Chronicles+12:18">1 Chronicles 12:18</a> <a href="English_Standard_Version" title="English Standard Version">ESV</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-1Chr12_18h-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1Chr12_18h_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1Chr12_18h_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/text/1_chronicles/12-19.htm">1 Chronicles 12:18 Hebrew text analysis</a>. Biblehub</span>

</li>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mastin, B. A. "Was the <i>šālîš</i> the third man in the chariot?", <i>Supplements to Vetus Testamentum</i> 30 (1979), pp. 125-154. <i>apud</i> Na'aman 1988, p. 71</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Chronicles+12:19&version=nkjv">1 Chronicles 12:19</a> <a href="New_King_James_Version" title="New King James Version">NKJV</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoogan2007597_Hebrew_Bible-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoogan2007597_Hebrew_Bible_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoogan2007">Coogan 2007</a>, p. 597 Hebrew Bible.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEndres201234-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEndres201234_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEndres201234_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEndres2012">Endres 2012</a>, p. 34.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Chronicles#12:23" class="extiw external" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Chronicles">1 Chronicles 12:23</a> KJV</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

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</style><cite id="CITEREFAckroyd1993" class="citation book cs1">Ackroyd, Peter R (1993). "Chronicles, Books of". In <a href="Bruce_M._Metzger" title="Bruce M. Metzger">Metzger, Bruce M</a>; Coogan, Michael D (eds.). <i>The Oxford Companion to the Bible</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">113–</span>116. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0195046458</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBennett2018" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, William (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SZo3DwAAQBAJ"><i>The Expositor's Bible: The Books of Chronicles</i></a>. Litres. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-5040825196</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFCoogan2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Michael_D._Coogan" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael D. Coogan">Coogan, Michael David</a> (2007). Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann; Perkins, Pheme (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ"><i>The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48</i></a> (Augmented 3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780195288810</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFEndres2012" class="citation book cs1">Endres, John C. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mtL0BSEv7i4C"><i>First and Second Chronicles</i></a>. Liturgical Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780814628447</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFHill2003" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Andrew E. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Sv-LEqnF8Y4C"><i>First and Second Chronicles</i></a>. Zondervan. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780310206101</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMabie2017" class="citation book cs1">Mabie, Frederick (2017). "I. The Chronicler's Genealogical Survey of All Israel". In Longman III, Tremper; Garland, David E (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E8ESDgAAQBAJ"><i>1 and 2 Chronicles</i></a>. The Expositor's Bible Commentary. Zondervan. pp. <span class="nowrap">267–</span>308. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0310531814</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMathys2007" class="citation book cs1">Mathys, H. P. (2007). "14. 1 and 2 Chronicles". In <a href="John_Barton_(theologian)" title="John Barton (theologian)">Barton, John</a>; <a href="John_Muddiman" title="John Muddiman">Muddiman, John</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ"><i>The Oxford Bible Commentary</i></a> (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">267–</span>308. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0199277186</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFNa'aman1988" class="citation journal cs1">Na'aman, Nadav (1988). "The List of David's Officers (<i>šālîšîm</i>)". <i>Vetus Testamentum</i>. <b>38</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">71–</span>79. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1518123">10.2307/1518123</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1518123">1518123</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFTuell2012" class="citation book cs1">Tuell, Steven S. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8RKvdfWsmvEC"><i>First and Second Chronicles</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0664238650</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWürthwein1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Ernst_W%C3%BCrthwein" title="Ernst Würthwein">Würthwein, Ernst</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC"><i>The Text of the Old Testament</i></a>. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: <a href="William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing_Company" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company">William B. Eerdmans</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-8028-0788-7</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a> translations:

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16532">Divrei Hayamim I - I Chronicles - Chapter 12 (Judaica Press)</a> translation [with <a href="Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a>'s commentary] at Chabad.org</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> translations:

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gospelhall.org/bible/bible.php?passage=1+Chronicles+12"><i>Online Bible</i> at GospelHall.org</a> (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=13&chapter=12&version=9">First Book of Chronicles Chapter 12. Bible Gateway</a></li></ul></li></ul>

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</style><div id="First_Book_of_Chronicles147" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">First Book of Chronicles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <a href="Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="1_Chronicles_1" title="1 Chronicles 1">1 Chronicles 1</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ammon" title="Ammon">Ammon</a></li>

<li><a href="Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a></li>

<li><a href="Bethel" title="Bethel">Bethel</a></li>

<li><a href="City_of_David_(historic)" class="mw-redirect" title="City of David (historic)">City of David</a></li>

<li><a href="Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a></li>

<li><a href="Ekron" title="Ekron">Ekron</a></li>

<li><a href="Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li>

<li><a href="Jezreel_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jezreel (city)">Jezreel</a></li>

<li><a href="Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li>

<li><a href="Lachish" class="mw-redirect" title="Lachish">Lachish</a></li>

<li><a href="Tel_Megiddo" title="Tel Megiddo">Megiddo</a></li>

<li><a href="Ramoth-Gilead" title="Ramoth-Gilead">Ramoth-Gilead</a></li>

<li><a href="Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li>

<li><a href="Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Sea of the Arabah</a></li>

<li><a href="Ziklag" title="Ziklag">Ziklag</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genealogies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a> (<a href="List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="List of High Priests of Israel">genealogy</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> (<a href="Abraham's_family_tree" title="Abraham's family tree">genealogy</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> (<a href="Generations_of_Adam" title="Generations of Adam">genealogy</a>)</li>

<li><a href="David" title="David">David</a> (<a href="Davidic_line" title="Davidic line">genealogy</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Jesse_(biblical_figure)" title="Jesse (biblical figure)">Jesse</a> (<a href="Tree_of_Jesse" title="Tree of Jesse">genealogy</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a> (<a href="Generations_of_Noah" title="Generations of Noah">genealogy</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a> (<a href="House_of_Saul" title="House of Saul">genealogy</a>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="David's_Mighty_Warriors" title="David's Mighty Warriors">David's Mighty Warriors</a></li>

<li><a href="High_Priests_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="High Priests of Israel">High Priests of Israel</a></li>

<li><a href="Kings_of_Israel_and_Judah" title="Kings of Israel and Judah">Kings of Israel and Judah</a></li>

<li><a href="Levite" title="Levite">Levites</a></li>

<li><a href="Priestly_divisions" title="Priestly divisions">Priestly divisions</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prominent people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abiathar" title="Abiathar">Abiathar</a></li>

<li><a href="Abishai_(biblical_figure)" title="Abishai (biblical figure)">Abishai</a></li>

<li><a href="Asaph_(biblical_figure)" title="Asaph (biblical figure)">Asaph</a></li>

<li><a href="Heman_the_Ezrahite" title="Heman the Ezrahite">Heman</a></li>

<li><a href="Jeduthun" title="Jeduthun">Jeduthun</a></li>

<li><a href="Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li>

<li><a href="Zadok" title="Zadok">Zadok</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prophets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Nathan_(prophet)" title="Nathan (prophet)">Nathan</a></li>

<li><a href="Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rulers outside Israel/Judah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hanun" title="Hanun">Hanun</a></li>

<li><a href="Hiram_I" title="Hiram I">Hiram</a></li>

<li><a href="Nahash_of_Ammon" title="Nahash of Ammon">Nahash</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phrases/events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a></li>

<li><a href="Solomon's_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a></li>

<li><a href="Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Authorship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="The_Chronicler" title="The Chronicler">The Chronicler</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/he:%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%90_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93" class="extiw external" title="wikisource:he:דברי הימים א ניקוד">Hebrew Bible</a></li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%91%27" class="extiw external" title="wikisource:el:Παραλειπομένων Α'">Septuagint</a></li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/1_Chronicles" class="extiw external" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/1 Chronicles">Wycliffe Bible</a></li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Chronicles" class="extiw external" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/1 Chronicles">King James Version</a></li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/1_Chronicles" class="extiw external" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/1 Chronicles">American Standard Version</a></li>

<li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/1_Chronicles" class="extiw external" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/1 Chronicles">World English Version</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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